Thoroughbass/Basso continuo

A Querstrich is a horizontal line in thoroughbass figuring indicating that a chord should be held or repeated. For more information and nuance, see The Querstrich in Thoroughbass Figuring: What Can It Mean?.

In this essay, I discuss what a continuist should or can do when a Querstrich (literally “cross-stroke”, a horizontal or slightly oblique stroke used in thoroughbass notation) appears in thoroughbass figuring. A Querstrich in thoroughbass figuring can imply that a chord is to be held for all of its span or for part of it

All’unisono (It. “in unison”) instructs the continuist to refrain from harmonic realization and to double the bass at the octave. In thoroughbass practice, this term is used as a synonym of all’ottava (It. “at the octave”). For more information and nuance, see What Do Tasto Solo, All’Ottava and All’Unisono Mean?.

All’ottava (It. “at the octave”) instructs the continuist to refrain from harmonic realization and to double the bass at the octave. In thoroughbass practice, this term is used as a synonym of all’unisono (It. “in unison”). For more information and nuance, see What Do Tasto Solo, All’Ottava and All’Unisono Mean?.

Tasto solo (It. “single key”) instructs the continuist to refrain from harmonic realization and to play the bass alone. For more information and nuance, see What Do Tasto Solo, All’Ottava and All’Unisono Mean?.

In this essay, I discuss the thoroughbass indications tasto solo (Italian, literally “single key”), all’ottava and all’unisono. Tasto solo indicates that the keyboard continuist should not provide chordal accompaniment but play only the continuo bass, though some sources also allow octave doubling in the right hand. All’ottava and all’unisono are synonymous, indicating doubling of the

This essay is the third in a series examining Telemann’s views on chordal rhythm in a thoroughbass realization. Here, I discuss chordal rhythm in a C time signature, as presented in his Singe-, Spiel- und General-Bass-Übungen. In the SSGBÜ, Telemann sets many arias in C, which may denote either 4/4 or 2/2. His realizations favour

This essay is the second in a series examining Telemann’s views on chordal rhythm in a thoroughbass realization. Here, I discuss chordal rhythm in a 3/4 time signature, as presented in his Singe-, Spiel- und General-Bass-Übungen. In the SSGBÜ, Telemann often writes a single chord above each bass note in arias in 3/4, mostly when

This essay is the first in a series examining Telemann’s views on chordal rhythm in a thoroughbass realization. Because chordal rhythm depends largely on the specific time signature employed, I will discuss each time signature in a separate essay. Here, I discuss chordal rhythm in a 2/4 time signature, as presented in his Singe-, Spiel-

This essay explores Telemann’s views on the number of parts of a thoroughbass realization, as presented in his Singe-, Spiel- und General-Bass-Übungen. In the SSGBÜ, chords are typically four-part (bass plus three upper parts). For consecutive sixth chords, Telemann recommends three-part chords. In specific cases, five-part and full-voiced chords may be used. Additionally, when necessary,